Vocabulary
Understand and be able to apply each of these terms.
1. Salinity – the dissolved salt amount in a water body or soil
2. Plankton – Organisms that live in the water column and provide circular source of food to aquatic animals.
3. Nekton – The aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a water body
4. Benthos –Community of organisms which live on in or near the benthic zone
5. Littoral Zone – Part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.
6. Benthic Zone – The ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water.
7. Eutrophication – the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substance.
8. River Source – the direction leading to the source of the river.
9. River Course – River source
10.River Mouth – Part where stream flows into another water body.
11. Marsh – a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.
12. Swamp – a wetland that is forested
13.Bog – a wetland that accumulates pear, a deposit of dead plant material.
14. Lagoon- Shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by reefs
15. Estuary – a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments
16. Abundance – extremely plentiful quantity or supply
17. Diversity – condition of having or being composed of differing elements
18. Watershed - carries water shed from the land after rain falls and snow melts.
19. Hydrophytes- plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments
20. Halophytes- a plant that grows in waters of high salinity
Read, analyze, and give complete answers to these questions.
1. What are the three important benefits (ecosystem service) provided by wetlands?
As the Earth rotates daily, the bulges move across the Earth. Since the Earth's water is greater than the land, it bulges slightly more, resulting in high tides, when the moon isn't overhead or doesn't directly is on the earth then short tides form
3. Where would you find an estuary? What type of organisms would you expect to find there?
you would find estuary where both rivers and ocean are located and because it's rich in nutrients most marine species would live there
4. What is the definition of “freshwater”?
Fresh water is characterized by having low or none concentration of salt and other dissolved solids.
5. The mouth of a river can sometimes become “murky” because of all of the sediments that are washed
downstream. Name 3 problems are caused by “murkiness”?
prevents from photosynthesis
sediments pollute the water
there are less plants because of photosynthesis
6. Name 2 types of fish that can live in low oxygen environments:
catfish
7. Explain why reefs are so important to preserve. What are some of the dangers to coral reefs? Name 2.
they help for the protections of beaches and coastlines from storm surges and waves, tourism, nursery habitats and so more. problems: sedimentation, overfishing practices, water pollution.
8. There are different types of marine reef environments. Define the following:
a. Fringing Reefs: a reef system that grows fairly close to the shore
b. Barrier Reefs: a reef that is parallel to the shore
c. Atolls: roughly circular oceanic reef system surrounding a central lagoon
d. Coral Reefs: are colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients
9. Draw a diagram of a marine environment and define the following:
a. Intertidal: the zone close to the shore
b. Pelagic: zone neither close to the bottom nor near to the shore
c. Abyssal: contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans
d. Benthic: bottom part of the ocean
Understand and be able to apply each of these terms.
1. Salinity – the dissolved salt amount in a water body or soil
2. Plankton – Organisms that live in the water column and provide circular source of food to aquatic animals.
3. Nekton – The aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a water body
4. Benthos –Community of organisms which live on in or near the benthic zone
5. Littoral Zone – Part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.
6. Benthic Zone – The ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water.
7. Eutrophication – the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substance.
8. River Source – the direction leading to the source of the river.
9. River Course – River source
10.River Mouth – Part where stream flows into another water body.
11. Marsh – a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.
12. Swamp – a wetland that is forested
13.Bog – a wetland that accumulates pear, a deposit of dead plant material.
14. Lagoon- Shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by reefs
15. Estuary – a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments
16. Abundance – extremely plentiful quantity or supply
17. Diversity – condition of having or being composed of differing elements
18. Watershed - carries water shed from the land after rain falls and snow melts.
19. Hydrophytes- plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments
20. Halophytes- a plant that grows in waters of high salinity
Read, analyze, and give complete answers to these questions.
1. What are the three important benefits (ecosystem service) provided by wetlands?
- Sources of lucrative harvests of animals and plants
- Limit the damaging effects of waves
- Trap sediment and reduce pollution
As the Earth rotates daily, the bulges move across the Earth. Since the Earth's water is greater than the land, it bulges slightly more, resulting in high tides, when the moon isn't overhead or doesn't directly is on the earth then short tides form
3. Where would you find an estuary? What type of organisms would you expect to find there?
you would find estuary where both rivers and ocean are located and because it's rich in nutrients most marine species would live there
4. What is the definition of “freshwater”?
Fresh water is characterized by having low or none concentration of salt and other dissolved solids.
5. The mouth of a river can sometimes become “murky” because of all of the sediments that are washed
downstream. Name 3 problems are caused by “murkiness”?
prevents from photosynthesis
sediments pollute the water
there are less plants because of photosynthesis
6. Name 2 types of fish that can live in low oxygen environments:
catfish
7. Explain why reefs are so important to preserve. What are some of the dangers to coral reefs? Name 2.
they help for the protections of beaches and coastlines from storm surges and waves, tourism, nursery habitats and so more. problems: sedimentation, overfishing practices, water pollution.
8. There are different types of marine reef environments. Define the following:
a. Fringing Reefs: a reef system that grows fairly close to the shore
b. Barrier Reefs: a reef that is parallel to the shore
c. Atolls: roughly circular oceanic reef system surrounding a central lagoon
d. Coral Reefs: are colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients
9. Draw a diagram of a marine environment and define the following:
a. Intertidal: the zone close to the shore
b. Pelagic: zone neither close to the bottom nor near to the shore
c. Abyssal: contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans
d. Benthic: bottom part of the ocean
10. What is “winterkill” in a lake? What happens?
water kill is when oxygen enters in a frozen lake resulting slow diffusion and though ice, in deep lakes they might have sufficient oxygen but in shallow lakes, because the volume is low, oxygen is insufficient and winter kill will cause harm to animals in the lake.
11. Describe the differences in the types of food webs found in the two ocean light zones, euphotic and
aphotic. Where does the initial energy input for each come from?
Euphotic is the region where there's a sunlight and photosynthesis while aphotic is a place with no sunlight. For euphotic the energy from the sun helps photosynthesize phytoplankton.
12. Explain how lakes “turn-over” yearly and what this process causes. Name one positive and one negative aspect of turn-over.
Lake turnover is caused by the factors temperature and density. When the upper part of the water body is cool due to air temperature then they become heavy enough to sink. When they sink the warm and light water comes at the upper part and like that. The positive aspect is that it keeps the temperature even the negative is that the constant change might not be good for the ecosystem.
13. Draw a diagram of a lake and define the following:
a. Littoral Zone: Part of a lake near to the shore
b. Limnetic Zone: Part of the lake away from the shore
c. Profundal Zone: the deep zone of the lake
water kill is when oxygen enters in a frozen lake resulting slow diffusion and though ice, in deep lakes they might have sufficient oxygen but in shallow lakes, because the volume is low, oxygen is insufficient and winter kill will cause harm to animals in the lake.
11. Describe the differences in the types of food webs found in the two ocean light zones, euphotic and
aphotic. Where does the initial energy input for each come from?
Euphotic is the region where there's a sunlight and photosynthesis while aphotic is a place with no sunlight. For euphotic the energy from the sun helps photosynthesize phytoplankton.
12. Explain how lakes “turn-over” yearly and what this process causes. Name one positive and one negative aspect of turn-over.
Lake turnover is caused by the factors temperature and density. When the upper part of the water body is cool due to air temperature then they become heavy enough to sink. When they sink the warm and light water comes at the upper part and like that. The positive aspect is that it keeps the temperature even the negative is that the constant change might not be good for the ecosystem.
13. Draw a diagram of a lake and define the following:
a. Littoral Zone: Part of a lake near to the shore
b. Limnetic Zone: Part of the lake away from the shore
c. Profundal Zone: the deep zone of the lake